CLIENTS include: PVC Geomembrane Institute (presentations to 7 State Regulatory Groups),
JPS, EDGE (UK), Hong Kong EPD, Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Kaitos (Finland),
DSM (the Netherlands), Weeks (UK), Plankel - Pelzl (Austria), Asian Institute of
Technology (Thailand), Chevron/Amoco/Alberta Environment (Canada), Solmax (Venezuela),
REYCO (Chile), GIGSA/IWM (S. Africa), Joyce Engineering (US), Geo-Services
International (UK), and Organized First US/Germany Geomembrane Workshop in Berlin,
Germany 1996, FLI/EPA (Ireland), Univ. of Auckland (New Zealand), ACASPA (Australia).
TYPICAL WORKSHOP CONTENTS:
- TYPICAL LINING SYSTEMS - Single, double composite lining systems on landfill floors,
slopes, steep walls in North America, Europe, S.E. Asia.
- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS - US Subtitle C, Subtitle D, German, and English lining system
standards, single and double liners.
- FUNDAMENTALS OF DESIGN - Single/double liners. Smooth/textured geomembranes, interface
shear on upper and lower surfaces. Geomembrane protection - protection layers - long
term and short-term protection, allowable strain in geomembrane, geotextile mass and
structure considerations.
- LINER PROBLEMS - Material, design, installation, CQA, and operational causes of liner
failures in PVC, HDPE, VLDPE, PP, XR-5 liners.
- MICROSTRUCTURES - Molecular structures, amorphous and crystalline regions, welding, residual
stress, stress cracking model, anisotropy.
- MANUFACTURING - Round die extrusion (blown film), flat die extrusion, co-extrusion,
calendering, textures/structures, QC testing.
- MATERIAL PROPERTIES - Mechanical, physical, and chemical index and performance properties
of HDPE, LLDPE, PP, and PVC geomembranes. Stress cracking resistance explained.
- GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS - Manufacturers, structures, field tests/performance, failure
case history.
- SPECIFICATIONS - Parameters, test methods, values, PE/PP.
- CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TESTING - EPA Method 9090, ASTM, German BAM, typical results, data
analysis.
- LINER INSTALLATION - Deployment, subgrade quality, weather, wrinkles, compensation,
US-German procedures, repairs.
- SEAMING AND DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - Welding technologies, peel/shear testing, seam
specifications, PE/PP/PVC differences, thermal seaming of PVC, seam microstructures and
residual stress.
- NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING - air channel pressure, vacuum box, air lance, spark, ultrasonic,
electrical (complete liner), infrared seam strength (nondestructive).
- ECONOMICS - Material costs vs final installed cost with influences of material type,
prefabrication, roll width, designer/CQA/regulator familiarity, subgrade, weather,
performance.
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